Imiterere ya muntu irangwa no kutanyurwa aho abantu bashaka amafaranga menshi, bigwizaho imitungo, bashora imari cyangwa baharanira kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kazi. Ibyo ni byo biranga ubuzima bwose umuntu amara ku isi.
Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu benshi bamara amasaha menshi bakora kugira ngo babone amafaranga, bateze imbere imiryango yabo cyangwa bagere ku rwego rw’imibereho bifuza. Hari n’abakora imirimo irenze umwe, bagakomeza kwiga, gushaka indi mishinga no kwagura ibyo batunze, kabone nubwo baba bafite ibyo bakeneye mu buzima.
Ikibazo si ugukora cyane cyangwa kwifuza gutera imbere. Ahubwo ni uko kwifuza iterambere byabaye isiganwa ridafite iherezo, aho umuntu ahora yiruka ashaka ibirenze ibyo afite, kugeza ubwo abura umwanya wo kwishimira ubuzima arimo.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Philip Cozzolino na bagenzi be, bwasohotse mu 2004 mu kinyamakuru Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, abashakashatsi bagereranyije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutekereza ku rupfu.
Basanze ko kwibutswa urupfu gusa bishobora gutuma bamwe barushaho kugaragaza umururumba w’ibintu, mu gihe uburyo bwo gutekereza ku rupfu mu buryo bwimbitse, bwibanda ku cyo umuntu asanga gifite agaciro mu buzima, bwashoboraga gutuma bamwe bagaragaza imyitwarire irangwa no kwita ku bandi no kutikunda.
Gushaka icyubahiro ni kimwe mu bituma abantu bahorana igitutu cyo gukora cyo gushaka ubutunzi aho mu bice bitandukanye by’imibereho, abantu bashobora guhabwa agaciro bitewe n’akazi bakora, umushahara binjiza, imodoka bagendamo, inzu batuyemo cyangwa imishinga bafite.
Kuba umuntu azi ko ubuzima bufite iherezo ntibimubuza gushaka ubutunzi. Ku bantu benshi, ahubwo bishobora gutuma barushaho gushaka amafaranga, umutekano n’ibimenyetso by’uko hari icyo bagezeho.
Abahanga mu by’imitekerereze ya muntu bafite inyigisho yitwa Terror Management Theory, isobanura uburyo abantu bahangana n’ubwoba buterwa no kumenya ko umunsi umwe bazapfa.
Ibi bisobanuye ko kumenya ko ubuzima bufite iherezo bishobora gutuma umuntu ashaka ibimufasha kumva ko ubuzima bwe bufite agaciro, ko afite umutekano kandi ko hari icyo azasigira abandi.
Kuri bamwe, ibyo bishobora kugaragarira mu gushaka amafaranga, kugura imitungo, kugira izina rikomeye cyangwa kugera ku rwego rwiyubashye muri sosiyete.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Tim Kasser na Kennon Sheldon, bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Psychological Science mu 2000, bwasuzumye isano iri hagati yo kwibutswa urupfu no gukunda ubutunzi.
Mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere, bamwe mu bitabiriye basabwe kwandika ku rupfu rwabo, abandi bandika ku ngingo itari ifitanye isano na rwo. Abibukijwe urupfu bagaragaje ibyifuzo byo kugira amafaranga menshi no kwigwizaho imitungo kurushaho mu gihe cy’imyaka 15 iri imbere.
Ibi byerekana ko kumenya ko umuntu azapfa bishobora gutuma bamwe barushaho gushaka ubutunzi, aho kubifata nk’impamvu yo kubugabanya.
Umuntu wakuriye mu bukene cyangwa wabayeho mu buzima bubi ashobora kugaragaza umuhate wo gushaka amafaranga menshi kubera ko atifuza kongera gusubira muri ubwo buzima.
Kimwe mu bintu bituma abantu bakomeza gushaka ubutunzi ni uko ibyishimo bituruka ku kintu umuntu yagezeho bishobora kugabanuka uko igihe gihita.
Ibi bishobora gusobanurwa n’igitekerezo cyo hedonic adaptation, ni ukuvuga uburyo abantu bagenda bamenyera impinduka nziza zabaye mu buzima bwabo, ku buryo ibyishimo zabateye bishobora kugabanuka. Ibi bijyana n’uko hari abantu bahora bagereranya ibyo afite n’ibyo abandi batunze bagahora ku gitutu cyo kubigeraho.
Raporo y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku murimo (ILO), yasohotse mu 2023, igaragaza ko ku rwego rw’isi, abarenga kimwe cya gatatu cy’abakozi bakora buri gihe amasaha arenga 48 mu cyumweru.
Ku rundi ruhande, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) na ILO batangaje ko mu 2016, abantu bagera ku 745.000 bapfuye bazize indwara z’umutima n’ubwonko zari zifitanye isano no gukora nibura amasaha 55 mu cyumweru.
