Murandasi, ubu imaze kumenyerwa nk’igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi, imaze imyaka isaga 60 kuva ishyizweho mu 1969. Yatangiye ari umushinga wa gisirikare muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igamije gufasha inzego z’umutekano kugira itumanaho rifite umutekano, ariko nyuma iza gukwira Isi, igera mu buzima bwa buri wese.
Antoine Sebera, Umuyobozi Ushinzwe guhanga udushya mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga, Itumanaho n’Isakazabumenyi (RISA) ubwo yari mu kiganiro Umuzi kuri Televiziyo y’u Rwanda, yasobanuye ko murandasi yatangiriye mu rwego rwa gisirikare, ariko iza kwinjizwa mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi no muri za Kaminuza kugira ngo ikoreshwe no mu zindi nzego.
Mu 1971, hatangijwe uburyo bushya bwo kohererezanya ubutumwa hifashishijwe imeyiri (email), ari bwo bwabaye ubwa mbere ku Isi. Mu 1983, haje ikoranabuhanga rya DCBIP (Data Center Bridging Internet Protocol), ryaje kuba ishingiro rya murandasi y’ubu, rituma habaho ihererekanyamakuru hagati ya telefone, mudasobwa n’ibindi bikoresho.
Sebera akomeza asobanura uko murandasi yakomeje gukura iva mu mishinga ya Gisirikare ijya mu buryo rusange, kugeza ubwo mu 1989 hatangizwaga ‘World Wide Web (www) itangijwe na Tim Berners-Lee, ifasha abantu gusura imbuga zitandukanye no gusangira amakuru mu buryo bworoshye.
Kwaguka kw’Ikoranabuhanga
Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, murandasi yakomeje kuvumburirwaho uburyo bushya. Mu 2004 havutse Facebook, hakurikiraho YouTube mu 2005, Twitter (ubu yitwa X) mu 2006, WhatsApp mu 2009, Instagram mu 2010 n’izindi.
Mu 2022, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi OpenAI cyazanye urubuga ChatGPT, rumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa mu bwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence), ubu bwifashishwa n’abatari bake ku Isi.
Imibare yo mu 2024 igaragaza ko abantu barenga miliyari 5.3 ku Isi [bangana na 66% by’abayituye] bakoresha internet. Mu gihe ku mugabane wa Afurika umubare w’abakoresha internet wari ugeze kuri 43%.
Uko murandasi yahinduye uburyo bw’itumanaho
Mbere y’izanwa rya murandasi, uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bwaratindaga. Amabaruwa yohererezwaga ku iposita yashoboraga gufata amezi menshi kugira ngo agere ku nyirayo, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ntizinahagere.
Ishimwe Adolphe, rwiyemezamirimo mu by’ikoranabuhanga nawe wari umutumirwa muri icyo kiganiro avuga ko murandasi yahinduye byinshi mu itumanaho ageranyije n’ibihe bya mbere yayo.
Ati: “Washoboraga koherereza umuntu ibaruwa umusaba amafaranga, bikamara nk’amezi ane cyangwa atanu, nawe akagusubiza agushyiriye amafaranga muri ya bahasha nayo ikoherezwa ikakugeraho. Ubu, byose bikorerwa mu minota mike gusa.”
Umuyobozi Ushinzwe guhanga udushya mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga, Itumanaho n’Isakazabumenyi (RISA), Antoine Sebera, yashimye uburyo mu Rwanda ikoranabuhanga ryahinduye byinshi, rikoroshya ndetse rikihutisha imikorere ya serivisi zitandukanye.
Ati: ” Reba aho tugeze ubu ngubu ni serivisi ifasha abantu; wicara mu rugo ukishyura imisoro, ukishyura ifatabuguzi rya tereviziyo, ukishyura abantu bose ukohereza amafaranga n’ibindi byinshi.”
Impinduka mu buzima bwa buri munsi
Mu Rwanda, ikoreshwa rya murandasi mu ngo ryageze kuri 30%, intambwe nziza ishingiye ku kwiyongera kw’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga muri serivisi no gushora imari mu bikorwaremezo bya ICT.
Mu mijyi, 57% by’ingo zikoresha murandasi, naho mu cyaro ni 19%. Urwego rw’itumanaho rya telefoni ngendanwa rwagize uruhare rukomeye muri uku kwiyongera, aho umubare w’abakoresha telefoni ngendanwa wageze kuri miliyoni 13.48 muri Nzeri 2024, biyongereyoho 7.5% ugereranyije na miliyoni 12.5 mu mwaka wabanje.
Murandasi yoroheje itumanaho, ishyigikira ubucuruzi bukorerwa kuri murandasi, yoroshya uburezi, ubuvuzi, no gusakaza amakuru ku Isi yose mu kanya gato. Icyakora, yaje izanye n’imbogamizi zirimo ubujura bwo kuri murandasi, gukwirakwiza amakuru atari yo n’ingaruka ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.
Uko Isi ikomeza gutera imbere, murandasi irushaho kuba inkingi y’iterambere n’uburyo bwo guhuza abantu n’amahirwe atandukanye mu mpande zose z’isi.
