U Rwanda, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere, ruhura n’ibibazo bibiri bikomeye mu bukungu, birimo izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ikibazo cy’ikinyuranyo kinini hagati y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyo igihugu gitumiza.
Ihindagurika ry’ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga, umusaruro muke w’ubuhinzi, ihindagurika ry’ifaranga rishingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa hanze, byatumye ibiciro mu gihugu bizamuka ku rwego ruri hejuru cyane.
Nyamara, hari urwego rumwe rushobora gutanga igisubizo gikomeye kandi kirambye.
Ubuhinzi ni inkingi y’ingenzi y’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda kandi ni igikoresho gikomeye cyo kugenzura ibiciro, kugabanya ibyo Igihugu gitumiza hanze, kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gukomeza ifaranga ry’igihugu.
Gushora imari mu buhinzi byaba igisubizo cyo guhangana n’izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro ku isoko.
U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite amahirwe menshi mu gihe hashyirwa imbaraga nyinshi mu kuhira imyaka, gukoresha imbuto z’indobanure, gukoresha ifumbire kandi neza ndetse no gukoresha imashini mu buhinzi.
Ibi mu igihe byitaweho byakongera umusaruro, iyo ibiribwa biboneka mu gihugu ku bwinshi, kugura ibiva hanze biragabanuka, bityo bigafasha kugenzura izamuka ry’ibiciro.
U Rwanda rutumiza hanze byinshi birimo ibiribwa byatunganyijwe, ingano n’umuceri, amavuta yo guteka inyongeramusaruro n’ibindi.
Guteza imbere ubuhinzi uretse kugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro vuba binagira uruhare rukomeye cyane mu guteza imbere izindi nzego z’ubukungu.
Aha twavuga nko kwiyongera kw’inganda zongerera agaciro ibikomoka k’ubuhinzi, ibi bigira uruhare rugaragara cyane ku ubukungu harimo gutanga imirimo, kugabanya ibyo igihugu gitumiza hanze, kuzamura ubushobozi bw’abaguzi ku isoko, kongera imisoro n’ibindi.
Ubuhinzi n’uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (Balance of Payment)
Ibipimo bigaragaza uko igihugu gihahirana n’amahanga, bigaragaza ko u Rwanda rugira icyuho kuko ibyo rutumiza hanze biruta ibyo rwohereza.
U Rwanda rutumiza ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imashini, imiti, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi n’ibiribwa.
Nubwo hari byinshi igihugu kigitumiza ariko hari ibyo isoko ry’u Rwanda ryohereza hanze harimo ikawa, icyayi, amabuye y’agaciro, imboga n’imbuto.
Uko ubuhinzi bwafasha gukemura iki ikibazo harimo ukwagura no kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze twavuga nka avoka, macadamia n’imboga n’imbuto.
Hari kandi kongera ishoramari mu nganda zongerera agaciro umusaruro wo mu ubuhinzi, kubaka inganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi byongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze kandi byongerewe agaciro.
Iyo igihugu cyihagije mu biribwa, ntibiba ngombwa gutumiza byinshi mu gihe habaye amapfa cyangwa ibibazo mpuzamahanga.
Nubwo ubuhinzi bufite amahirwe menshi, hari imbogamizi zirimo nko kuhira bikiri hasi, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, igihombo nyuma y’isarura, igishoro gito n’ubumenyi buke.
Kugira ngo ubuhinzi bube igisubizo kirambye hakenewe kwagura ibikorwa byo kuhira imyaka, guteza imbere ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije, gushora imari mu nganda zitunganya umusaruro, kwagura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze, gushyigikira amakoperative y’abahinzi no kongera inguzanyo ku buhinzi.
Ku Rwanda, ubuhinzi si urwego rusanzwe gusa, ahubwo ni inkingi ikomeye yo guteza imbere ubukungu no kurwanya ibibazo by’izamuka ry’ibiciro n’icyuho mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Mu kongera umusaruro, kugabanya ibyo dutumiza hanze no kongera ibyo twohereza mu mahanga, ubuhinzi bushobora gufasha igihugu kugera ku ituze ry’ifaranga, iterambere rirambye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
