Buri ntangiriro z’umwaka, ukwezi, icyumweru cyangwa umunsi abantu benshi bishyiriraho intego bagomba kugeraho mu gihe runaka ariko ababasha kubyubahiriza nk’uko babyiyemeje ni mbarwa.
Gushyiraho gahunda zirimo gukora siporo, kwiga, gusenga, kuzigama amafaranga, kugabanya ibikorwa bitari ngombwa, cyangwa gutangira ubuzima bushya ni ibintu abantu benshi bakora.
Mu gutangira abantu bagerageza kubahiriza gahunda bishyiriyeho ariko uguhozaho ku buryo ibyo wiyemeje biba igice cy’ubuzima bwawe niho hari ikibazo ari nabyo usanga umuntu yibaza impamvu ashobora kumenya icyo ashaka, akanashyiraho gahunda y’uko agamba kugikora, ariko nyuma akabura imbaraga zo kuyikurikiza.
Abantu benshi bananirwa kubahiriza gahunda n’intego bishyiriyeho mu buzima bwabo kubera inzitizi ahanini zishingiye ku mitekerereze kurusha kuba badafite ubushake cyangwa icyerekezo.
Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwerekana ko mu ntangiro zo gushyira mu bikorwa imihigo biyemeje batangirana imbaraga n’ishyaka ryinshi ndetse bafite n’umuhate ariko imibare igaragaza ko hejuru ya 90% by’abantu batabasha kugera ku ntego zabo.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo Pew Research Center ndetse n’ibindi bigo nka Drive Research bwerekana ko nubwo hafi 80% by’abantu baba bafite icyizere cyo kuzubahiriza gahunda bashyizeho ariko umusaruro wo ugaragaza ibindi nihabanye.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu cyumweru cya mbere gusa 23% by’abantu baba bamaze guta gahunda bafashe mu gihe mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa mbere 43% baba bamaze guhagarika kubahiriza ibyo biyemeje kuzakora muri uwo mwaka.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na John Norcross na Dominic Vangarelli bwakurikiranye abantu 200 bari bariyemeje guhindura imwe mu myitwarire yabo. Muri bo, 77% babishoboye cyumweru cya mbere, mu gihe nyuma y’imyaka ibiri abari bakibyubahiriza bari basigaye ari 19% gusa.
Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu kinyamakuru Psychology Today bwerekana ko 92% by’abantu batabasha kugera ku ntego zabo. Ni ukuvuga ko abagera ku ntego zabo ari 8% gusa.
Impamvu z’ingenzi zituma umuntu atubahiriza gahunda yishyiriyeho
Abahanga mu by’imitekerereze ya muntu n’ubuzima bagaragaza ko imwe mu mpamvu ituma abantu badahigura ibyo biyemeje ku giti cyabo ari atari ubushake buke ahubwo ari amakosa akorwa mu gutegura izo gahunda.
Umujyanama mu by’imitekerereze, Dr. Larry F. Waldman, asobanura ko gufata intego nka “nshaka kugira ubuzima bwiza” cyangwa “nshaka gukira” ari nko kugenda ariko utazi iyo ujya. Asobanura ko ubwonko bwa muntu bukenera gahunda itomoye kandi isobanutse.
Dr. Larry F. Waldman avuga ko ikibazo cya mbere abantu bahura nacyo ari ugushaka ibihembo byihuse (Immediate Gratification), aho umuntu ashaka kubona umusaruro wako kanya, yawubura agacika intege.
Impamvu ya kabiri ni ukwibanda ku ntego z’igihe kirekire zizatinda kuruta guharanira gushyira mu bikorwa iz’igihe gito.
Mu bushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, byagaragaye ko abantu bafite intego zishingiye ku bikorwa bya buri munsi (process-based goals) bagize amahirwe angana na 46% yo kwesa imihigo kurusha abibanda ku musaruro uzaza mu gihe kirekire.
Indi mpamvu ya gatatu ni ukudakurikirana cyangwa ngo ushake umuntu uzajya akwibutsa umunsi ku wundi niba hari ibyo wagombaga gukora mu byo wiyemeje ariko ukaba utabikoze.
Raporo y’ikigo cyo muri Amerika, American Society of Training and Development (ASTD) yagaragaje ko iyo umuntu abwiye undi muntu intego ye akajya amwibutsa, amahirwe yo kuyigeraho azamuka akagera kuri 65%.
Igaragaza kandi ko iyo bafite igihe cyihariye cyo guhura no kubazanya aho bigeze (accountability appointment), amahirwe yo kubahiriza iyo gahunda azamuka akagera kuri 95%.
Impamvu ya kane ni ikosa ryo gutekereza ko ibintu byoroshye, ibizwi nka Planning Fallacy. Iyi ni inyito yashyizweho n’abahanga bahawe igihembo cy’itiriwe Nobel, Daniel Kahneman na Amos Tversky. Berekana ko abantu bose bafite kamere yo gutekereza ko bazakoresha igihe gito n’imbaraga nkeya ku kintu runaka, bakirengagiza inzitizi n’ibibazo bishobora kuvuka muri urwo rugendo.
Abahanga mu by’imitekerereze bavuga ko guteshuka ku ntego wihaye bigirwamo uruhare n’imyitwarire umuntu aba asanzwe afite, ibimubaho buri munsi, amarangamutima, imihangayiko ndetse n’uburyo gahunda ubwayo iba yarateguwe.
Umuntu ugorwa no kugera ku ntego yihaye agirwa inama yo kugabanya ibyo yiyemeje kugeraho mo utuntu duto aho kuvuga ngo “nshaka kwiga amasaha 2 buri munsi”, tangira uvuga ngo “nzasoma ipaji 1 buri munsi”. Ibi bifufasha kumva ko byoroshye cyane ku buryo udashobora kugira ubute bwo kubikora.
Hari kandi kubwira inshuti cyangwa umujyanama akaba ari umuntu ukurikirana ibyo wiyemeje kugira ngo agushyireho igitsure kandi ajye akwibutsa mu gihe wabyibagiwe cyangwa wacitse intege.
