Mu myaka irenga 75 ishize, Formula 1 yahindutse irushanwa rirenze kusiganwa ry’imodoka, riba urubuga ruhuriraho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, abakinnyi b’abahanga, ibigo bikomeye by’imodoka, ubucuruzi n’imyidagaduro bikurikirwa na miliyoni z’abantu ku Isi.
U Rwanda rugiye kwinjira muri aya mateka nyuma y’uko ku wa 13 Ukwakira 2026 hatangajwe amasezerano y’imyaka 10 yo kwakira Formula 1 African Grand Prix, izabera i Bugesera, kuva mu 2030. Ibi bigarura Formula 1 ku mugabane wa Afurika nyuma y’imyaka irenga 35 itahakinirwa.
Mu gutangaza aya masezerano, Perezida wa FIA, Mohammed Ben Sulayem, Perezida wa Formula 1, Stefano Domenicali, na Perezida Paul Kagame bagaragaje ko uyu mushinga ugamije kurenga ku kwakira isiganwa rimwe kuko uzanafasha guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, ubucuruzi, ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bw’abanyafurika mu mikino yo gusiganwa mu modoka.
Ibi bisobanuye ko u Rwanda rwinjiye mu muryango w’ibihugu bifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ibirori bikomeye bya siporo ku rwego mpuzamahanga nyuma yo kwakira ibindi birimo UCI na BAL.
Formula 1 ni iki kuki yiswe uko?
Izina Formula 1 ryerekeza ku mategeko agenga uko imodoka zigomba kubakwa, umutekano w’umushoferi, moteri n’ibiro by’imodoka, ibipimo byazo n’uburyo amarushanwa akorwa. Umuntu wese ushaka kwitabira agomba gukurikiza ayo mategeko.
Gusiganwa ku modoka byatangiye mu 1920 gusa Shampiyona y’Isi ya Formula 1 yatangiye mu 1950. Isiganwa rya mbere ryabaye ku wa 13 Gicurasi 1950, kuri Silverstone mu Bwongereza, ahari harahoze ikibuga cy’indege cya gisirikare. Umutaliyani Giuseppe Farina ni we waryegukanye bwa mbere.
Formula 1 ifite ibihembo bibiri by’ingenzi harimo igihabwa umushoferi wakusanyije amanota menshi mu masiganwa yose y’umwaka ‘Drivers’ World Championship’ n’igihembo gihabwa ikipe yakusanyije amanota menshi binyuze ku bashoferi bayo bombi uko ari babiri ‘Constructors’ World Championship’.
Formula 1 isanzwe ibera ahantu hatandukanye cyane. Hari imihanda yubatswe mu buryo bwihariye nk’iya Silverstone mu Bwongereza, imihanda yo mu mijyi nka Monaco na Singapore, n’indi ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye.
Kuva Formula 1 yatangira mu 1950, iri rushanwa riba buri mwaka kandi ntirirasiba na rimwe. Iri rushanwa rikinwa amazi ari hagati y’icyenda n’icumi aho rikunze gutangira muri Werurwe rikageza mu Ukuboza.
Shampiyona yose niyo yitwa Formula 1 hanyuma buri gace kakitwa Grand Prix aho ibihugu bitandukanye bigenda byakira buri gace ndetse agace u Rwanda ruzakira kiswe African Grand Prix. Mu irushanwa ryose ry’umwaka habamo Grand Prix 24.
Buri siganwa cyangwa Grand Prix rikinwa iminota iri hagati ya 90 n’amasaha abiri bitewe n’ibyabereye mu irushanwa.
Imodoka za Formula 1 zirihariye
Formula 1 ntabwo ari isiganwa ribera mu mihanda isanzwe ikoreshwa n’ibindi binyabiziga, ni irushanwa rikoreshwamo imodoka z’ihariye aho ziba ari ngufi cyane ziri hasi. Buri yose ifite umwanya umwe. Utu tumodoka tuba tugendera ku muvuduko uhambaye aho tuba dushobora kugenda ibilometero 375 ku isaha.
Imodoka ikoreshwa muri Formula 1 ifite moteri n’ikoranabuhanga rya hybrid, aho ikoresha lisansi ifatanyije na sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ibika kandi ikongera ingufu zayo.
Ifite kandi ikorababuhanga rya Aerodynamics aho ari imiterere y’amababa n’umubiri by’imodoka biyifasha gufata mu muhanda no kugabanya imbogamizi z’umuyaga.
Izi modoka kandi zirimo ibikoresho birinda umushoferi mu gihe habaye impanuka, harimo akazu gakomeye kazwi nka survival cell n’igikoresho cyo kurinda umutwe cyitwa Halo.
Amakipe kandi akurikirana ubushyuhe, amapine, ingufu, lisansi n’imikorere y’ibice bitandukanye by’imodoka, akifashisha ayo makuru mu gufata ibyemezo. Haba hari abashinzwe guhindura amapine ku buryo bitwara amasegonda abiri yonyine.
Mu mwaka wa 2026, shampiyona ya Formula 1 igizwe n’amakipe 11, buri kipe ikaba ihagarariwe n’abashoferi babiri, bivuze ko imodoka 22 ari zo zihatanira amanota mu masiganwa.
Muri ayo makipe harimo Ferrari na Racing Bulls zo mu Butaliyan, McLaren na Williams na Aston Martin zo mu Bwongereza, Mercedes na Audi zo mu Budage, Red Bull Racing yo muri Autriche,, Alpine yo mu Bufaransa ndetse na Haas na Cadillac muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
African Grand Prix izabera mu Rwanda izaba yihariye
Kuva isiganwa rya mbere ribereye kuri Silverstone mu 1950 kugeza ku masiganwa akomeye akorwa hirya no hino ku Isi muri iki gihe, Formula 1 yakomeje kwagura imbibi zayo, ihuza siporo, ikoranabuhanga n’ubucuruzi.
U Rwanda na rwo rugiye kwinjira muri ayo mateka binyuze muri African Grand Prix, izaba iya mbere ya Formula 1 ku mugabane wa Afurika kuva mu 1993, ubwo Afurika y’Epfo yakiraga isiganwa riheruka.
Izina African Grand Prix rifite igisobanuro kirenze irushanwa riba mu gihugu kimwe. Rizaba ari urubuga Afurika ishobora gukoresha mu kugaragaza ubushobozi bwayo mu kwakira ibirori bikomeye, guteza imbere siporo y’imodoka no kwegera abakunzi ba Formula 1 bo ku mugabane.
Umwihariko w’u Rwanda ntuzaba gusa kuba ruzakira Formula 1, kuko n’ibindi bihugu na byo byamaze kuyakira. Ahubwo uzaba ushingiye ku buryo uyu mushinga uteganyijwe guhuza isiganwa, imiterere y’u Rwanda, ikibuga cy’indege gishya n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubukerarugendo n’ubucuruzi.
Ibibuga cyangwa imihanda ikinirwamo Formula 1 yitwa Circuit. Mu rwanda uyu muhanda uzubakwa mu Karere ka Bugesera hafi y’ahari kubakwa ikibuga cy’indege. Ni umuhanda uzaba ureshya na kilometero 6 urimo amakorosi 17.
Amakuru yatangajwe na Reuters avuga ko umuhanda uzubakwa mu Bugesera biteganyijwe ko uzashushanywa n’uwahoze ari umushoferi wa Formula 1, Alex Wurz, afatanyije n’ikigo cy’ubwubatsi bwa circuit cya Hermann Tilke. Uteganyijwe kuba ushobora kwakira abantu bagera ku 100.000.
Mbere y’uko umuhanda mushya wemererwa kwakira Formula 1, FIA ibanza gusuzuma igishushanyo mbonera cyawo, igakora isesengura ry’umutekano, ndetse ikazawusura umaze kubakwa kugira ngo igenzure niba wujuje ibisabwa.
Ku bw’ibyo, nubwo hari ibipimo by’ibanze byamaze gutangazwa ku muhanda wo mu Bugesera, igishushanyo cyawo cya nyuma n’ibindi bisobanuro bya tekiniki biracyategerejwe.
Mbere y’uko u Rwanda rutangazwa nk’igihugu kizakira Formula 1, Afurika yari yarigeze kwakira iri rushanwa aho ryabereye muri Maroc no muri Afurika y’Epfo.
Maroc yakiriye isiganwa rimwe rya shampiyona y’Isi, Moroccan Grand Prix yo mu 1958, ryabereye ku muhanda wa Ain-Diab hafi ya Casablanca.
Muri Afurika y’Epfo habereye South African Grand Prix inshuro nyinshi, harimo amasiganwa yabaye hagati ya 1962 na 1993. Iheruka kuhabera mu 1993, kuri Kyalami.
Abakinnyi bakoze amateka muri Formula 1
Mu mateka ya Formula 1, hari abashoferi bagiye bagaragaza ubuhanga budasanzwe, begukana ibikombe byinshi bya shampiyona y’Isi ndetse batsinda amasiganwa menshi.
Lewis Hamilton na Michael Schumacher ni bo bayoboye urutonde rw’abatwaye ibikombe byinshi, aho buri wese afite ibikombe birindwi. Bakurikirwa na Juan Manuel Fangio watwaye bitanu, mu gihe Alain Prost, Sebastian Vettel na Max Verstappen bafite ibikombe bine buri umwe.
Hamilton yatwaye igikombe cye cya mbere mu 2008 ari muri McLaren, nyuma yegukana ibindi bitandatu ari muri Mercedes hagati ya 2014 na 2020. Schumacher yatwaye ibikombe bibiri ari muri Benetton, ibindi bitanu abitwarira muri Ferrari hagati ya 2000 na 2004. Verstappen na we yegukanye ibikombe bine bikurikirana kuva mu 2021 kugeza mu 2024.
Ku bijyanye n’intsinzi mu masiganwa, Lewis Hamilton ni we uri ku isonga n’amasiganwa 106, akurikirwa na Michael Schumacher ufite 91 na Max Verstappen ufite 73.
