Umwaka wa 2025 wasize andi mateka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo kuko isize iki gihugu cya kabiri mu kugira ubuso bunini muri Afurika hari umutwe ukigabije, ugafata imwe mu mijyi y’ingenzi.
Iki gihugu kigiye kumara hafi imyaka 30 kiri mu bibazo by’intambara ahanini bitewe n’imitwe myinshi y’inyeshyamba irimo na FDLR yagicumbitsemo.
Mu 2012, Ingabo zahoze muri CNDP nibwo zongeye kwisuganya zitera birindiro by’ingabo za Leta mu Karere ka Masisi .
Intambara yarakomeje mu myaka itandukanye , cyakora uyu mutwe uza gutsindwa , impande zombi zisinyana amasezerano nubwo mu bihe bitandukanye Congo yagiye itayubahiriza ndetse abarwanyi bamwe baje guhungira mu bihugu bituranyi na Congo birimo Uganda.
Gufata Goma , yabaye intsinzwi kuri Tshisekedi
Izina ryawo rikomoka kuri ‘March 23 Movement’ cyangwa ‘Mouvement du 23 mars’, ni ukuvuga ku wa 23 Werurwe 2009, umunsi wo gushyira umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro hagati y’abarwanyi ba CNDP (National Congress for the Defence of the People) na guverinoma ya RDC uhinduka nk’ishyaka rya politiki maze abari abasirikare binjizwa mu ngabo za Congo.
Bwa mbere mu 2012, M23 yinjiye mu ntambara irwanya leta ivuga ko barambiwe imibereho mibi mu gisirikare no kuba yaragaragazaga ubushake buke mu kubahiriza amasezerano y’amahoro yari yashyizweho umukono.
Yarwanye inkundura ifata Umujyi wa Goma ariko urwego ruhuza ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari (ICGRL) ruyisaba kurekura uyu mujyi kubera ko guverinoma ya RDC yari yemeye ibiganiro.
Ingabo za Congo zifatanyije n’iza Loni zishinzwe kubungabunga umutekano muri iki gihugu zagabye ibitero kuri M23 zisubiza Umujyi wa Goma maze M23 itangaza ko yahagaritse imirwano.
Mu bahoze ari abasirikare bamwe bahungiye muri Uganda bayobowe na Sultan Makenga, abandi bari barangajwe imbere na Jean Marie Runiga Lugerero bakomereza mu Rwanda.
Icyo gihe nabwo diporomasi y’u Rwanda yahuye n’ibitero bitandukanye kubera ibirego by’umuryango mpuzamahanga yarushinjaga gufasha M23.
Ni ibintu byatumye umubano w’u Rwanda na RDCongo uzamba.
Kuva mu 2019 ubwo Félix Antoine Tshisekedi yageraga ku butegetsi, uyu mubano wongeye kuzahuka ariko kuva M23 yakongera gusubukura ibitero, wongeye kuzamba ndetse Congo isesa amasezerano yose ifitanye n’u Rwanda, inirukana ku butaka bwayo uhagarariye u Rwanda muri icyo gihugu.
Tshisekedi yavuze ko kuba abagize M23 bavuga Ikinyarwanda hari abahita babafata nk’aho ari Abanyarwanda.
M23 yahinduye amateka ya Goma na Bukavu
Mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka nibwo Umutwe wa M23 watangaje ko wafashe Umujyi wa Goma ufatwa nk’Umurwa Mukuru w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Ku wa 27 Mutarama 2025 ni bwo Umuvugizi w’uyu mutwe mu rwego rwa politiki, Lawrence Kanyuka, yemeje ifatwa ry’Umujyi wa Goma.
Yagize ati “Turasaba abatuye i Goma gutuza. Kubohora uyu mujyi byarangiye neza kandi ubu ibintu biri ku murongo.”
Mbere yo kwinjira mu mujyi wa Sake ku wa 23 Mutarama, M23 yari imaze umwaka mu misozi iwukikije.
Aha hantu habereye imirwano ikomeye yapfiriyemo Gen Maj Peter Cirimwami wari Guverineri w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Iyi nsinzi igiye kumara umwaka M23 ifite uyu mujyi, yakanze Perezida wa RDcongo ,Felix Tshisekedi, wabonaga ko ibye byarangiye, yambuwe umujyi ukomeye urimo n’ikibuga cy’indege cyifashishwaga n’abatari bacye.
Perezida Tshisekedi yahinduye umuvuno, avuga ko atari M23 irwana na FARDC , ahubwo ari u Rwanda ndetse atangiza urugamba rwo gutabaza amahanga ngo rufatirwe ibihano.
Mu gihe Tshidekedi yari ahugiye mu gutabariza u Rwanda ngo rufatirwe ibihano, M23 yo ibitero byarakomezaga ari nako ikomeza gukora ibishoboka byose ngo irinde abaturage .
Tariki ya 16 Gashyantare 2025 ni bwo M23 yemeje ko yafashe Umujyi wa Bukavu, nyuma yo kwirukanamo abasirikare bo mu Ihuriro ry’ingabo za Leta ya RDC.
Kuva uwo munsi, abarwanyi ba M23 batangiye ibikorwa byo gushakisha abafite intwaro bari bacyihishe muri Bukavu no guhangana n’abasirikare bari bahungiye mu Majyepfo y’Uburasirazuba bw’uyu mujyi.
M23 igenzura uruhande rwa RDC ku mupaka wa Kamanyola uhuza iki gihugu n’u Rwanda kuva ku wa 18 Gashyantare 2025, nyuma yo kuhirukana abarwanyi bo mu Ihuriro ry’imitwe yitwaje intwaro rya Wazalendo.
M23 yatabaye abo mu Mujyi wa Bukavu nyuma y’iminsi ifashe Umujyi wa Kavumu uherereye mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, n’ikibuga cy’indege cyaho.
Perezida wa RDCongo we yanze kuva ku izima , akomeza gushinja u Rwanda gutera igihugu cye .
Mu bihe bitandukanye u Rwanda rwarabihakanye ahubwo rwo kugaragaza uburyo RDCongo yacumbiye abarwanyi ba FDLR bagira uruhare mu guhunganya umutekano w’u Rwanda.
Tshisekedi yisunze amahanga arimo Amerika na Qatar ngo amwunge n’u Rwanda ndetse ibihugu byombi biza kugirana amasezerano .
Icyakora aka wa mugani, “akabaye icwende ntikoga”, leta ya Congo yo yakomeje umugambi wayo wo gukomeza kugereka ibirego ku Rwanda.
Abaturage bavuga ko ibice bya Goma na Bukavu birimo umutekano ugereranyije na mbere bikigenzurwa na FARDC , ingabo za leta ya Congo .
Mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi kwa 12 , M23 nabwo yavuze ko yafashe umujyi wa Uvira ariko mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga amaserano y’amahoro ajyanye no gutanga agahenge ,no kubaha umuhuza mu biganiro na leta ya Congo ari we Qatar, yemeye guhagarika imirwano.
Uyu mutwe mu bihe bitandukanye wagiye usaba leta kwemera ibiganiro no kumvikana nawo ariko Perezida Tshisekedi akomeza kwinangira.
Gusa nyuma yo gufata ibice bitandukanye birimo na Goma, uyu mutegetsi yemeye kujya kumeza y’ibiganiro no kwemera ko hari ibyo impande zakumvikana ngo amahoro agaruke mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Kugeza ubu M23 yarekuye Uvira ndetse yo yatangiye gahunda yo kubahiriza amasezerano ajyanye n’agahenge nubwo leta ya Conngo yo igikomeje ibitero ku baturage yifashishije indege z’intambara .
