Minisiteri y’ibidukikije yashyizeho amabwiriza agena imiterere y’amafaranga yishyurwa kuri serivisi zitangwa mu isoko rya karuboni (Carbon) mu Rwanda.
Ni amabwiriza yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w’ibidukikije Dr. Arakwiye Bernatette kuwa 13 Mutarama 2026.
Leta y’u Rwanda yatangiye kwigira ku bihugu bimaze gutera intambwe ku buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro isoko rya karubone (carbon markets) rigurishirizwaho gahunda zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hagamijwe guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Isoko rya karubone ni isoko ry’Isi yose ryubakiye ku masezerano mpuzamahanga y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, aho ibihugu bikize byiyemeje kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere, ariko kubera ko bitabasha kugera ku kigereranyo bisabwa kugabanya byahisemo ko ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’u Rwanda rurimo bigishobora guhangana n’iyo myuka bigira imishinga bikora noneho ibyo bihugu bikize bikayigura.
Amabwiriza yashyizweho agamije iki ?
Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije ivuga ko aya mabwiriza yashyizweho, agamije gushyiraho imiterere y’amafaranga yishyurwa ku mishinga n’amasezerano y’isoko rya karuboni mu Rwanda, gukorera mu mucyo, kutabogama,
n’uburambe mu miyoborere y’ibikorwa by’isoko rya karuboni.
Iyi Minisiteri ivuga ko aya mabwiriza areba imishinga yose ikorwa mu rwego rw’ingingo ya gatandatu y’amasezerano y’i Paris agenga isoko rya karuboni.
Iyi ngingo igamije gufasha ibihugu kugera ku ntego byihaye zo kurengera ikirere (Nationally Determined Contributions – NDCs) ku buryo bworoshye kandi bugira ingaruka nziza ku rwego rw’Isi.
Ingingo ya gatandatu mu gace ka kabiri y’amasezerano y’i Paris yemerera ibihugu kugirana ubufatanye
ku bushake bwabyo hagamijwe kugera ku ntego byihaye mu kurwanya no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’ihererekanya ry’umusaruro wo kugabanya ingano y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere (izwi nka ITMOs).
Ni mu gihe ingingo ya gatandatu mu gace ka kane, ivuga uburyo bukorwa hagati y’ibihugu busa n’uburyo buhumanura ikirere mu iterambere (CDM), uburyo bw’ibanze no gucuruza umwuka wa karuboni hakurikijwe uburyo bushyirwaho n’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye agamije guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Iyi Minisiteri isobanura ko mu gihe cyo kugura, amafaranga yose yishyurwa kuri konti y’Ikigega cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (FONERWA) kizwi ku izina rya “Rwanda Green Fund’, gisanzwe gifite inshingano yo gucunga imishinga igamije kubungabunga ibidukikije no guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.
U Rwanda rwiteze nyungu ki kuri iri soko ?
Binyuze mu isoko rya karubone abantu ku giti cyabo n’imiryango itandukanye bahangayikishijwe n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe, bayoboka isoko rya karubone bakagura toni z’imyuka ihumanya yakuwe mu kirere (carbon dioxide/C02) binyuze mu gushyigikira imishinga yashyiriweho kuyigabanya mu bihugu bitandukanye byinjiye kuri iryo soko.
Isi iteganya kugabanya nibura toni miliyari 80 z’ibyuka bya karuboni ( CO2) bihumanya ikirere bitarenze mu mwaka wa 2050 nk’uko biteganywa mu Masezerano y’i Paris.
Impuguke mu kurengera ibidukikije, Dr. Maniragaba Abias, yabwiye UMUNOTA ko imishinga u Rwanda ruzajyana ku isoko ari iyashyizweho hagamijwe kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere irimo ikoreshwa ry’amashyiga ya Biogas, gukoresha bus z’amashanyarazi, gutera amashyamba n’ibindi.
Ati ” Twebwe abaturage iyo duteye amashyamba, amashyamba akora ikijyanye no kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni. Nk’iriya mishinga yo muri REG ya Biogas, itanga imbabura, imbabura igafasha kugabanya ibicanwa . “
Kuki hashyizweho amabwiriza ?
Dr. Maniragaba asobanura ko kugira ngo hashyirweho amabwiriza ari ukugira ngo igihugu kibashe gufata ingamba zihamye mu kugabanya iyo myuka ihumanya ikirere no kujyana n’ibipimo byashyizweho.
Ati ” Mu Rwanda bashyiraho amabwiriza bitewe nuko tugenda twunguka uburyo bwo kurwanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Harimo ibipimo bishyashya bivuga ngo hagomba gutangwa andi mabwiriza ajyanye n’ibipimo byafashwe . “
Kungukira u Rwanda bizava he?
Dr. Maniragaba atangaza ko uko u Rwanda ruzakomeza kugira imishinga igaragaza kurwanya imyuka ihumanya ry’ikirere ari nako isoko rizakomeza kwaguka.
Ati ” Kungukira u Rwanda ni ukigira imishinga , ikindi ibipimo bigakurikizwa kandi bikajyana n’igihe, abantu bakabimenya, bagatera amashyamba, ubu birareba buri wese.”
Imibare igaragaza ko u Rwanda rwohereza mu kirere imyuka ihumanya ku kigero cya 00.03% cy’iyoherezwayo yose, mu gihe umugabane wa Afurika uhumanya ikirere cy’Isi ku kigero cya 4% by’ihumana ry’ikirere ku rwego rw’Isi.
Raporo z’igihugu ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe zitangwa ku bunyamabanga bw’amasezerano ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe (UNFCCC), ni ukuvuga First Biennial Update Report, yatanzwe mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2021 na Third National Communication yatanzwe mu 2018, zombi zigaragaza ko myinshi mu myuka yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere cy’u Rwanda isohorwa n’imodoka na moto.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na REMA bugatangazwa mu 2017, nabwo bwerekanye ko imyotsi isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga iza ku isonga mu bihumanya umwuka mu mijyi y’u Rwanda.
Ubusanzwe umwuka abantu bahumeka uturuka mu kirere, ukubiyemo ‘Oxygen’ ku kigero cya 21%, ‘Azote’ ku kigero cya 78%, hakabamo na ‘Momoxyde de Carbone’, ‘Dioxyde de Carbone’ na ‘ozone’ biri ku kigero gito cyane.
Mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere u Rwanda rufite intego ko 2030 ruzaba rumaze kugera ku kigero cya 20% y’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange zizaba zikoresha amashanyarazi, moto zikaba ari 30% naho imodoka z’abantu ku giti cyabo zikazaba ari umunani ku ijana.
U Rwanda ruvuga ko ruzagera ku ntego rwihaye yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 38% by’ibyuka bya karuboni bihwanye na toni miliyoni 4.6 z’ubumara bwa karuboni bitarenze muri 2030 bikazatwara Miliyari 11 z’amadorari y’Amerika.
U Rwanda rwatangije gahunda yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere hakoreshwa imodoka z’amashanyarazi
