Imyaka ibaye uruhererekane abantu bakoresha ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi baherereye mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo batabaza ku bw’ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere bakorerwa ariko ijwi ryabo ntirirenge umutaru.
Itotezwa ry’Abanyamulenge muri Congo ntabwo ari irya vuba kuko rimaze imyaka myinshi, ndetse uko ubutegetsi bwa RDC bwagiye busimburana ni nako abayobozi b’iki gihugu badahwema kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu guhiga bukware buri muntu wese uvuga ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda ubarizwa kuri ubu butaka.
Buri uko umwaka uhita undi ukaza niko bigenda birushaho kuka bibi kuri ubu bwoko bitewe na politiki yubakiye ku moko y’abayobozi basimburana kuyobora RDC, ndetse hafi ya bose bahuriye ku kubuza amahwemu abavuga ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, aho bavuga ko bagomba gusubira aho baturutse kuko atari Abanye-Congo ahubwo ari Abanyarwanda.
Kugeza ubu muri rusange, abaturage ba Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bagize 5% by’abatuye icyo gihugu bose.
Ivuka ry’Abavuga Ikinyarwanda muri Congo
Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 17 nibwo Abanyamulenge bavuga Ikinyarwanda bageze mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo aho bajyagayo bakurikiye ubwatsi bwiza bw’inka zabo, ndetse ubwo bageragayo basanzeyo abandi kavukire bavuga Ikinyarwanda, batangira kubana ku bwo guhuza ururimi.
Uretse aba bisanzeyo kuri ubu buryo hari izindi mpamvu zatumye abavuga Ikinyarwanda biyongera muri Congo harimo n’iy’ubukoloni bw’Abanyaburayi.
Mu Nama y’i Berlin yabaye mu 1884 na 1885, yahuje ibihugu by’i Burayi yari igamije gutera imigwi umugane wa Afurika, byemeranyije ku mipaka mishya nyuma y’igihe bapfa ubutaka kuri uyu Mugabane bari bakolonije.
Muri iryo gabana u Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu byarihombeyemo bikabije kuko rwatakaje ibice byinshi bitewe n’Umwami Léopold II wari uyoboye u Bubiligi icyo gihe kuko yaterwaga ipfunwe no kuyobora igihugu gito kidafite umutungo kamere, ahitamo ko ibice binini byari iby’u Rwanda byomekwa kuri Congo yari ari gusahuramo amabuye y’agaciro.
Ku ruhande rwa Congo, u Rwanda rwatakaje ibice bya Goma, Masisi, Rutshuru, Idjwi mu gihe Mbarara na za Kisoro natwo twagiye kuri Uganda. Ibi byakozwe kuko u Budage bwari bwarakolonije u Rwanda, butifuzaga kugira imbaraga muri Afurika, ibyatumye u Bubiligi bwakolonije Congo n’u Bwongereza bwakoronije Uganda bigahabwa ubutaka mu buryo bworoshye.
Iri gabana ryatumye hari umubare munini w’Abanyarwanda bisanze mu bice bitandukanye haba ibyo muri Congo na Uganda.
Aba Banyarwanda bamwe batujwe mu bice bya teritwari ya Masisi (Gishari, Mokoto, Muvunyi, Bigiri na Bafuna) na Rutshuru (Mushari na Bwito). Hari kandi n’abandi batujwe muri Teritwari ya Rutshuru mu gace ka Jomba muri Kivu ya Ruguru.
Mu gihe ikindi cyiciro cy’abavuga Ikinyarwanda hari umubare munini w’abatuye mu mujyi wa Goma muri Kivu ya Ruguru ndetse na Teritwari ya Kalehe muri Kivu y’Epfo. Hari kandi ikirwa cya Idjwi na cyo gituyeho abavuga Ikinyarwanda.
Abajyanywe muri ibyo bice batangiye gutotezwa
Nyuma y’uko Congo ibonye ubwigenge muri Kamena 1960, umwuka wakomeje kuba mubi hagati y’abaturage ba Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda n’abatakivuga, aho babashinjaga kubatwara amasambu yabo nubwo bari barayahawe n’Ababiligi.
Mu matora y’abadepite yabaye mu 1964, abanyepolitiki bagerageje kuririra kuri urwo rwango, bavuga ko Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda batujuje ibyangombwa bityo ko badakwiriye gutora no gutorwa. Ibi byatumye abifuzaga kwiyamamaza bimwa ayo mahirwe ndetse byabateye umujinya bituma bibumbira hamwe batangira kwirwanaho.
Mu 1965 Mobutu Sese Seko amaze gufata ubutegetsi nibwo abavuga Ikinyarwanda babonye agahenge k’igihe gito nyuma y’uko ategetse ko politiki ya moko ishyirwaho akadomo.
Gusa ariko ntibyarambye kuko mu ntangiriro za 1980, ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu bwatangiye gucika intege, bityo na politiki ze zitangira gucika amazi.
Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko ‘Making use of the past: The Rwandophone question and the ‘Balkanisation of the Congo’ yakozwe na Lars-Christopher Huening, zivuga ko mu 1970 Mobutu yashyizeho itegeko riha ubwenegihugu Abanye-Congo bose barimo Abanyarwanda n’Abarundi bageze muri icyo gihugu mbere ya 1950. Bivugwa ko iri tegeko ryagizwemo uruhare n’Umunyarwanda Barthélemy Bisengimana.
Mu Nama Nkuru y’Ubusugire, itegeko ry’uko abaturage ba Congo ari abageze muri icyo gihugu mbere ya 1960 ryakuweho, hashyirwaho iry’uko abo baturage bujuje ibisabwa ari abahageze mbere ya 1885.
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994, byahumiye ku mirari.
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abayigizemo uruhare barimo ingabo zari zimaze gutsindwa mu Rwanda (EX-FAR) n’interahamwe bahungiye muri Congo banagira uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi bahabaga.
Mu 1994, hashyizweho Komisiyo yihariye y’abadepite yari igamije kureba gakondo y’abaturage ba Congo n’inkomoko nyayo y’Abanyarwanda batuye Congo Zaïre y’icyo gihe.
Iyi Komisiyo yari iyobowe n’uwitwa Vangu Mambueni, yanzuye ko Aba-Rwandaphones bose atari Abanye-Congo, ahubwo ko ari abanyamahanga bakwiriye kwirukanwa. Yewe n’Abanyamulenge bamaze imyaka irenga amagana ku butaka bwa Congo icyo gihe babwiwe ko ari abanyamahanga bigize abenegihugu ku ngufu.
Nyuma gato muri Kanama 1995, Leta ya Zaïre yirukanye abaturage barenga ibihumbi 15 ivuga ko ari Abanyarwanda n’abasigaye ibateguza kuzinga utwangushye.
Muri iki gihe birakabije
N’ubwo abavuga ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda batigeze boroherwa no kuba muri Congo gusa kuva Abanyamulenge bagabwaho igitero simusiga cyagabwe n’imitwe yijwaje intwaro irimo FNL-PARIPEHUTU ku wa 13 Kanama 2004 mu nkambi ya Gatumba mu Burundi, hafi y’umupaka wa Congo kigahitana abagera ku 166, n’ubu ibitero biracyakomeje kandi birushaho gukaza umurego.
Uko ibihe bishira ubwicanyi bufata undi muvuduko utewe n’uko n’abaturage babwitabiriye, harimo n’amoko aturanye n’Abanyamulenge, nk’Abafurero, aho kuri ubu batangiye gukwa imbunda ibyatumye intwaro zikwirakwira mu baturage ari nako urugome rukorerwa Abanyamulenge rwiyongera.
Uretse kuba ubwicanyi bukorerwa Abanyamurenge bukomeza kwiyongera noneho kuri ubu twavuga ko bukorwa kinyamanswa kuko abo mitwe nka Mai-Mai isigaye ibica ikabarya ku mugaragaro Isi yose ireba.
Kuva uyu mwaka wa 2026 watangira hamaze kwicwa Abanyamulenge basaga 100.
Raporo y’iperereza ryigenga ryakozwe n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu igaragaza ko ibitero ihuriro ry’ingabo z’ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ryagabye ku Banyamulenge muri Teritwari ya Fizi, Uvira na Mwenga byapfiriyemo abarenga 100, bikomeretsa abarenga 350 hagati ya tariki ya 16 Mutarama n’iya 8 Gashyantare 2026.
Abatungwa urutoki muri ibi bitero ni igisirikare cya RDC (FARDC) cyane cyane umutwe w’abasirikare badasanzwe wa ’Hiboux’, icy’u Burundi, umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR, imitwe ya Mai Mai/Wazalendo n’abacancuro b’abanyamahanga.
Ninde uzabatabara?
Ni kenshi Abanyamulenge bagiye batabaza ko bari gukorerwa ibisa nka Jenoside ariko kugeza nanubu ijwi ryabo rikomeje kwirengagizwa nkana n’abafite ubushobozi bwo guhagarika ubu bwicanyi ndengakamere bukomeje kubakorerwa Isi yose irebera.
Abarimo Leta Zunze za Amerika, Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe, Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, Loni n’abandi bagiye batabazwa kenshi n’Abanyamulenge ariko ntacyo bigeze bakora kandi atari uko batabibona cyangwa badafite ubushobozi bwo guhagarika ibikorerwa by’ubwicanyi mu Burasira bwa Congo.
Ntabwo ari rimwe kandi u Rwanda rwagaragaje ubutegetsi bwa Congo iyobowe na Tshisekedi n’u Burundi buyobowe na Ndayishimiye, uruhare rutaziguye bagira mu bikorwa birimo kwica, gutwika, gusahura n’ibindi bikorwa bya kinyamanswa bikorerwa abo mu bwoko bw’Abanyamulenge cyane cyane Abatutsi, Isi yose irebera.
Mu minsi ishize imiryango ibiri ihagarariye Abanyamulenge batuye mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo yareze Leta y’u Burundi mu rukiko rw’umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EACJ), iyishinja gukorera muri Congo ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyibasira inyokomuntu.
Abanyamulenge bafungiwe imipaka bituma badashobora kubona serivise zirimo kujya ku masoko, amashuri no kujya ku mavuriro biza byiyongera ku bindi bikorwa by’itotezwa birimo gusahura imitungo no gusenyerwaho inzu bya hato na hato.
Ibi byose biraba kandi abakabikemuye bakomeza kubirenza ingohe nkana ndetse ntanikizere abakorerwa ibyo bikorwa bya kinyamasa bafite ko byenda gukemuka vuba aha, kuko ubutegetsi bwa Congo ntibwemera ko ibi bikorwa bibaho kuko bubihakana buri munsi.
