Mu 1966 ni bwo igihugu cya Botswana cyabonye ubwigenge nyuma y’uko u Bwongereza bwari bwagikoronije bugiye. Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge Botswana yari kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku Isi aho yari ifite imihanda ya kaburimbo 12 gusa mu gihugu hose.
Nyuma y’imyaka 60 ibonye ubwigenge ubu ni kimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika bikize aho cyabifashijwemo no guteza imbere urwego rw’ubukerarugendo n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro arangajwe imbere na Diyama.
Botswana iyobowe na Perezida Duma Boko kuva mu 2024, aho umurwa mukuru wayo ari Gaborone ukagira ubuso bwa kilometero kare 581,730 aho ituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 2,603,390.
Igice kinini cy’iki gihugu kigizwe n’ubutayu aho 70% by’ubuso bw’iki gihugu ari ubutayu bwa Kalahari bukuba kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo.
Botswana iherereye mu Majyepfo ya Afurika ikaba ihana imbibi na Afurika y’Epfo mu Majyepfo, Zimbabwe mu Majyaruguru, Namibia mu Burengerazuba ndetse na Zambia.
Botswana ni cyo gihugu cya mbere muri Afurika mu gucukura Diyama nyinshi ikaza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku Isi nyuma y’u Burusiya. Ni iyambere kandi mu kugira diyama ifite ireme kurusha izindi ku Isi aho mu 2024 yanditse amateka yo kugira ikirombe cya kabiri ku Isi cyacukuwemo diyama nini ipima Karat 2,492.
Ubukerarugendo ni kimwe mu mwiharika wa Botswana
Ubukerarugendo ni rwo rwego rwa kabiri rwinjiza amafaranga menshi muri Botswana. Nka kimwe mu bihugu bifite inyamanswa nyinshi n’imiterere yihariye bikurura abasura iki gihugu hashyizweho uburyo bwihariye bw’ubukerarugendo budahenze ariko bubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku Isi kandi mu kugira umubare munini w’Inzovu aho kuri ubu muri pariki zayo habarirwa izirenga ibihumbi 130 zikaba kimwe cya gatatu cy’inzovu zose ziba ku mugabane wa Afurika. Inzovu ni kimwe mu bintu bikurura abasura iki gihugu dore ko inzovu zacyo zifite umwihariko.
Kimwe mu bikurura bamukerarugendo ni Uruzi rwa Okavango Delta runyura mu butayu usangamo inyamaswa z’inkazi zoga mu mazi, urusobe rw’inyoni n’ubwiza buhebuje bw’uwo mugezi.
Uruzi rwa Okavango Delta rufite umwihariko w’uko rutameneka mu kiyaga cyangwa inyanja runaka ahubwo rucengera mu musenyi w’ubutayu bikaba kimwe mu bishimisha abasura uru ruzi aho UNESCO yahashyize ku rutonde rw’ahantu nyaburanga ku Isi.
Umuco w’iki gihugu utangaza benshi
Muri Botswana ururimi rw’umuco ni Setswana, naho urwo bakoresha mu buyobozi ni Icyongereza.
Ubwoko bw’aba-Tswana nibo benshi muri iki gihugu aho bangana na 79%, bagakurikirwa n’aba-Kalanga bangana na 11% ndetse n’aba-San (Basarwa) baza ku mwanya wa gatatu.
Inka ntifatwa nk’itungo gusa ahubwo ifatwa nk’ikimenyetso gikomeye muri iki gihugu aho umuntu wese utayifite aba atubashwe kabone niyo yaba atunze ibya mirenge.
Ubumwe bw’abaturage b’iki gihugu ni intwaro ikomeye
Muri Botswana bagira ijambo ryitwa ‘Pula’ rifite agaciro gakomeye mu mateka y’iki gihugu aho risobanura ibintu bitatu: Ifaranga bakoresha, imvura, ndetse n’uburumbuke.
Bitewe n’uko igice kinini cy’iki gihugu ari ubutayu gikunda guhura n’amapfa aho imvura ifatwa nk’umugisha ukomeye. Ari nayo mpamvu ijambo Pula rinakoreshwa nk’indamukanyo.
Botswana nicyo gihugu muri Afurika kimaze igihe kirekire kigendera kuri demokarasi idahungabana kuva cyabona ubwigenge muri 1966.
Bakoresha gahunda yitwa ‘Kgotla’, aho umuturage wese, kuva ku muhigi kugeza ku mutegetsi, afite uburenganzira bwo kuvugira mu ruhame kandi agategerwa yambi igitekerezo kigahabwa agaciro hatitawe ku wo ari we.
Ku bijyanye n’uburezi n’ikorababuhanga Botswana yafashe gahunda yo gushora amafaranga menshi mu gutuma buri mu-Tswana abona amashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza ku buntu cyangwa ku giciro gito.
Iki gihugu gifite gahunda y’icyerekezo cya 2036 igamije guhindura iki gihugu ku buryo muri uwo mwaka ubukungu bwacyo buzaba bwubakiye ku bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.
Umubano w’u Rwanda na Botswana
