Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, u Rwanda rwanyuze mu rugendo rurerure rwo kongera kwiyubaka no kuzahura igihugu cyari cyarasenyutse mu nzego zose. Mu myaka 32 ishize, rwabashije kuva mu bibazo bikomeye birimo iby’umutekano, ubukungu n’imibereho y’abaturage, rugera ku rwego rufatwa nka kimwe mu bihugu biri kwihuta mu terambere haba muri Afurika no ku Isi.
Ubuyobozi budaheza
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatwaye ubuzima bw’abasaga miliyoni, u Rwanda rwari rwahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye aho byasaga nko kongera kubaka bundi bushya nyuma y’uko ibikorwaremezo byinshi byari byarasenyutse, ubukungu bwarazambye, abaturage benshi bari mu buhungiro abandibaratakaje ababo n’ibyabo, ndetse n’inzego za Leta zari zikeneye kongera kubakwa.
Mu rugendo rwo kongera kubaka igihugu, imyaka yakurikiyeho, Guverinoma yashyize imbere ingamba zo kubaka u Rwanda rushingiye ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge, kubaka inzego za leta zikomeye no gushyiraho gahunda z’iterambere zashyira umuturage ku isonga no kubazwa inshingano ku bayobozi.
Ibi byari bihabanye n’ibyo ubutegetsi bwa mbere bwakoraga haba kuri repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri zayobowe na Kayibanda na Habayarima aho zaranzwe n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko n’ironda karere.
Ku butegetsi bw’aba bombi bwari bwarashyizeho umubare ntarengwa w’Abatutsi bagombaga kujya mu nzego za leta, mu mashuri ndetse banahezwaga mu bikorwa bigamije iteramabere ku baturage.
U Rwanda rukomeje kuvugwa nk’igihugu gifite umutekano usesuye, ruswa nke n’imiyoborere ishingiye ku kubazwa inshingano.
Kuzahura ubukungu
Kimwe mu byo u Rwanda rwishimira ni izamuka ry’ubukungu ku gihugu ndetse no kumuturage.
Mu myaka 32 ishize ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwarazamutse buva ku rwego rwo hasi buhinduka ubukungu butanga icyizere n’icyerekezo gishya. Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN) igaragaza ko ubukungu bw’igihugu bumaze kwikuba inshuro 10 muri icyo gihe.
Kuri ubu MINECOFIN igaragaza ko umusaruro mbumbe w’u Rwanda wazamutse uva kuri miliyari 1.4$ mu 1994 ugera kuri miliyari 14$ mu 2026.
Igaragaza ko ubukungu bwagiye bukura ku gipimo cya 8% buri mwaka mu myaka 32 ishize.
Umusaruro mbumbe ku muturage wavuye hafi kuri 200$ mu wari ho mu 1994 agera hafi ku 1000$ mu 2026.
U Rwanda rwabaye igicumbi cy’ishoramari n’ubukerarugendo
Muri urwo rugendo rwo kubaka ubukungu bw’igihugu, bwazahuwe binyuze mu guteza imbere inzego zitandukanye zirimo ubuhinzi, serivisi, inganda, ubucuruzi n’ikoranabuhanga. U Rwanda kandi rwakomeje gukurura ishoramari haba iriturutse imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo.
Ivugururwa ry’amategeko n’imikorere y’inzego za Leta byatumye u Rwanda ruba kimwe mu bihugu byorohereza ubucuruzi muri Afurika.
Kwiyandikisha kw’ibigo mu buryo byihuse, kwifashisha ikorababuhanga mu gutanga serivisi no kurwanya ruswa byatumye igihugu gikurura abashoramari benshi.
Mu myaka ishize, Kigali yabaye kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi byakira inama mpuzamahanga muri Afurika.
Ibikorwa remezo nka Kigali Convention Centre, amahoteli agezweho no kugira ibikorwaremezo bigezweho byafashije igihugu kwakira inama zikomeye, bituma ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nama (MICE) butanga umusaruro ufatika.
Gahunda yo kugira Kigali ihuriro ry’inama zikomeye yinjirije igihugu miliyoni 94.7$ mu 2025, aho rwakiye inama n’ibirori 165.
Igihugu cyakiriye abagisura bagera kuri miliyoni 1.49 mu 2025 bavuye ku barengaho gato ibihumbi bagisuraga mu myaka 32 ishize.
U Rwanda kandi rwashyize imbaraga mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zitandukanye aho uyu munsi, abaturage babona serivisi nyinshi banyuze ku rubuga rwa Irembo, bakishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe internet yihuta yakomeje kugera henshi. Igihugu kandi cyabaye icya mbere ku Isi gikoresha drones mu kugeza amaraso n’inkingo ku mavuriro.
Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, hubatswe ibitaro n’ibigo nderabuzima byinshi, hanagurwa gahunda y’Ubwisungane mu Kwivuza (Mutuelle de Santé).
Ibi byatumye impfu z’abana n’ababyeyi babyara zigabanuka, ndetse n’icyizere cyo kubaho kirazamuka ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mu myaka ya nyuma ya Jenoside.
Mu rwego rw’uburezi, Guverinoma yashoye imari mu burezi binyuze mu kubaka amashuri mashya no gushyiraho gahunda y’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 12.
Hashyizwe kandi imbaraga mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro, hagamijwe gutegura urubyiruko rufite ubumenyi bukenewe ku isoko ry’umurimo.
Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, mu Rwanda habarirwaga amashuri 2000 gusa, mu gihe ubu hari arenga 4900, bivuze ko yikubye inshuro zirenga 2.
Mbere ya 1994, abana basaga miliyoni 1 ni bo bagiraga amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri abanza, bangana na 60,3% by’abagombaga kuba bayarimo, mu gihe 24% byabo ari bo babashaga kurangiza ayo mashuri.
Ni mu gihe ubu, abana biga amashuri abanza mu Rwanda bakabakaba miliyoni eshatu, ni ukuvuga 95% by’abagomba kuba bayarimo.
Amashuri y’incuke yo nta n’ayabaga mu Rwanda mbere ya 1994, mu gihe ubu hari agera ku 4,211 ndetse 50% by’abana bari mu cyiciro cy’ayo mashuri, ni ukuvuga hagati y’imyaka 3-5 bariga.
Mu mashuri yisumbuye, hatewe intambwe ikomeye cyane kuko mbere ya 1994 higaga mbarwa. 1% ni bo bonyine bagiraga amahirwe yo kwiga iki cyiciro.
Icyerekezo cy’ejo hazaza
Nubwo igihugu kimaze kugera kuri byinshi, kiracyafite intego zo gukomeza kongera umusaruro w’inganda, guhanga imirimo ku rubyiruko no kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage.
Binyuze mu cyerekezo 2050, u Rwanda rugamije kuba igihugu gifite ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi, ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya, gifite abaturage bafite imibereho myiza kandi kirushanwa ku ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Icyerekezo 2025 ni gahunda y’igihe kirekire igamije guhindura u Rwanda igihugu gikize (High-Income Country) gifite umusaruro mbumbe kuri buri muturage usaga ibihumbi 12$.
Urugendo rw’u Rwanda rw’imyaka 32 ishize rugaragaza impinduka zikomeye igihugu cyagezeho nyuma y’ibihe bikomeye cyanyuzemo. Iterambere ryagezweho mu bukungu, ubuzima, uburezi, ikoranabuhanga, ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo n’imiyoborere ryatumye u Rwanda ruba kimwe mu bihugu bikomeje kuvugwa nk’icyitegererezo muri Afurika.
