Mu gihe u Rwanda rwitegura kwizihiza ku nshuro ya 32 Umunsi wo Kwibohora uba buri mwaka ku wa 4 Nyakanga, hari byinshi byishimirwa rwagezeho mu rugendo rwo kongera kwiyubaka nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yari yasize yangije byinshi ndetse igahitana n’ubuzima bwa benshi.
Muri urwo rugendo rwo kwiyubaka, inzego zose z’ingenzi zitaweho harimo n’urw’uburezi, dore ko ab’icyo gihe batigaga neza ndetse n’abize ntibagire amahirwe yo kurangiza cyangwa ngo babone uburezi bufatika, binajyana n’ubucye bw’ibikorwaremezo, imiyoborere, ubwisanzure n’ibindi.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na Tereviziyo y’u Rwanda, Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Uburezi bw’Ibanze, Dr Flora Mutezigaju, yagarutse ku iterambere ry’urwego rw’Uburezi ukurikije uko rwari ruhagaze mbere na nyuma gato ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Yagaragaje ko mu byishimirwa byagezweho harimo kuba Abanyarwanda benshi bafite amahirwe menshi yo kwiga kandi bakiga neza ndetse bakarangiza ayo mashuri biga.
Yavuze ko mbere ya 1994, abana basaga miliyoni 1 ari bo bagiraga amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri abanza, bangana na 60,3% by’abagombaga kuba bayarimo, mu gihe 24% byabo ari bo babashaga kurangiza ayo mashuri.
Ni mu gihe ubu, abana biga amashuri abanza mu Rwanda bakabakaba miliyoni eshatu, ni ukuvuga 95% by’abagomba kuba bayarimo.
Amashuri y’incuke yo nta n’ayabaga mu Rwanda mbere ya 1994, mu gihe ubu hari agera ku 4,211 ndetse 50% by’abana bari mu cyiciro cy’ayo mashuri, ni ukuvuga hagati y’imyaka 3-5 bariga.
Dr Flora Mutezigaju yagaragaje ko mu mashuri yisumbuye, hatewe intambwe ikomeye cyane kuko mbere ya 1994 higaga mbarwa. 1% ni bo bonyine bagiraga amahirwe yo kwiga iki cyiciro.
Ati “Murabizi neza kwiga amashuri yisumbuye mbere ya 1994 byabaga ari inzozi zikabywa na bake cyane. “
Yagaragaje ko nubwo bitaragera neza ahifuzwa ariko byibura 23% bari mu mashuri yisumbuye, ni ukuvuga abarenga ibihumbi 950.
Ati “Ni intambwe twishimira kuba abanyeshuri, urubyiruko, biga amashuri yisumbuye kandi bakayarangiza.”
Mu cyiciro cya Kaminuza, Madamu Mutezigaju yagaragaje ko mu gihe mbere ya 1994 byari igitangaza kumva umuntu warangije Kaminuza, mu gihe ubu mu Rwanda buri mwaka abarenga ibihumbi 40 basoza amasomo muri Kaminuza zitandukanye.
Yagize ati “Iyo urebye imibare dufite kugeza ubu, Abanyarwanda bize kaminuza bageze kuri 4,3%. Uwo ni umubare munini ugereranyije n’aho twari turi mbere ya 1994, aho usanga munsi ya 1% ari bo bari bafite amahirwe yo kwiga Kaminuza.”
Iyi mibare y’abanyeshuri yiyongereye mu myaka 32 u Rwanda rumaze rwibohoye ndetse rukiyubaka mu nzego zose zirimo uburezi, igendana n’imibare y’ibindi bikorwa birimo n’amashuri, kuko muri uko kwiyubaka ibikorwaremezo na byo byakomeje kwiyongera.
Mbere ya 1994, mu Rwanda habarirwaga amashuri 2000 gusa, mu gihe ubu hari arenga 4900, bivuze ko yikubye inshuro zirenga 2.
Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda abanyeshuri barenga miliyoni 4.9 ni bo bari mu ishuri, ndetse n’abarezi bariyongereye nyuma y’uko mu 1994 abagera kuri 75% bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Icyo gihe, abarimu bari bahari bageraga ku 2000 gusa, mu gihe ubu hari abarimo ibihumbi 108 bari mu burezi guhera mu mashuri y’incuke kugera muri Kaminuza.
Uko u Rwanda rwagiye ruteza imbere urwego rw’uburezi kuva mu 1994
Uburezi kuri bose (1994 – 2000)
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, intambwe ya mbere yari uguha amahirwe angana Abanyarwanda bose. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakuyeho ikoreshwa ry’amoko n’uturere mu guha abana imyanya mu mashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza.
Amashuri yongeye gufungurwa ahashoboka hose kugira ngo umwana w’u Rwanda wese abashe kongera kwiga.
Gahunda y’Uburezi bw’Imyaka 9 n’Imyaka 12 (9YBE & 12YBE)
Mu mwaka wa 2006, hatangijwe uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 9 (9YBE), buza kongerwaho imyaka 3 bwitwa Uburezi bw’Ibanze bw’Imyaka 12 (12YBE) mu mwaka wa 2012, aho abana bose bemererwa kwiga kandi ku buntu hatarebwe kuba batsindiye ibigo bikomeye cyangwa ubushobozi bundi.
Ibi byazamuye cyane umubare w’abana babona amahirwe yo kujya mu mashuri yisumbuye, kuko akenshi utaratsindiraga ishuri cyangwa uwaritsindiraga adafite ubushobozi bwo kuryishyura, ntiyakomezaga.
Guhindura Ururimi n’Integanyanyigisho (2008 – 2015)
Mu 2008-2009, Icyongereza cyemejwe nk’ururimi rwo kwigamo amasomo yose mu mashuri yisumbuye gisimbura Igifaransa, hagamijwe ko u Rwanda rutanga ubumenyi buzatuma rupiganwa ku isoko ry’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba( EAC) rwinjiyemo muri Nyakanga 2007 ndetse n’umuryango w’Ibihugu byakolonijwe n’Abongereza(Commonwealth).
Muri 2009 habaye izindi mpinduka mu burezi zari zijyanye no guhuza amasomo (Combination) mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye. Urugero nk’abigaga Bio-Chime bagabanywa mu mashami mashya yiswe PCB (Physics- -Chemistry – Biology) na MCB (Mathematics-Chemistry-Biology). Abigaga indimi bagabanywa mu mashami nka EKK (English-Kinyarwanda -Kiswahili), EFK (English- French-Kinyarwanda).
Guteza imbere ubumenyi ngiro
Kugira ngo hagabanywe ubushomeri mu rubyiruko, u Rwanda rwashize ingufu mu myuga n’ubumenyi ngiro. Hashyizweho amashuri y’imyuga hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Guverinoma yashizeho ingamba z’uko muri uyu mwaka wa 2026, umubare munini w’abanyeshuri basoza icyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri yisumbuye bashishikajwe no kwerekeza mu mashuri ya TVET.
Gusubiza inyuma abasimbutse imyaka
Muri 2013, abanyeshuri bari barasimbutse icyiciro rusange badakoze ikizamini kibemerera kwiga mu wa kane basubijwe inyuma kujya kugikora.
Ni ubwa mbere byari bibayeho kuko mbere hari abatarakangwaga n’icyo kizamini kibiza benshi ibyuya. Ku ikubitiro abanyeshuri bagera ku 6 186 bari barasimbutse icyo kizamini biyandikishirije kugikora.
Ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri
Muri 2007, Perezida Paul Kagame yatangije gahunda ya mudasobwa imwe ku mwana, mu rwego rwo gutangiza amasomo y’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri no kurushishikariza Abanyarwanda.
Iyo gahunda yagombaga gutangwamo mudasobwa ibihumbi 500 ku bana batandukanye biga mu mashuri abanza mu Rwanda.
Kugeza ubu amashuri menshi afite ibyumba by’ikoranabuhanga (Smart Classrooms) ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bifasha kwihutisha no guteza imbere imyigire n’imyigishirize, harimo na interineti.
Muri iyi myaka ya 2025-2026 kandi hatangiye gushyirwa imbere ikoreshwa ry’ubwenge buhangano burezi.
Ibikorwaremezo
Mu byibanzweho harimo kubaka ibikorwaremezo biteza imbere uburezi. Icyaje ku isonga ni ugushyiraho inyubako n’ibyumba by’amashuri bihagije nubwo bigikomeje kongerwa. Kugira ngo Leta ikureho ikibazo cy’ubucucike bw’abanyeshuri mu cyumba kimwe ndetse n’ingendo ndende abana bakoraga bajya kwiga, hashyizweho ingamba zikomeye zo kubaka amashuri hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Nko mu 2020-2021, Leta y’u Rwanda yubatse ibyumba by’amashuri bisaga 22,000 hirya no hino mu gihugu. Uyu mushinga watewe inkunga n’ikigega cya Banki y’Isi (World Bank), binyuze muri gahunda yiswe Quality Basic Education for Human Capital Development.
Mu bindi bikorwaremezo, 80.7% by’amashuri yose mu Rwanda afite amashanyarazi (yaba akomoka ku miyoboro migari cyangwa ku ngufu z’imirasire y’izuba) mu gihe kandi 69% by’amashuri afite amazi meza yo kunywa anyuze mu buryo bwizewe.
Uburezi budaheza
Minisiteri y’uburezi yagaragaje ko umubare w’abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bari mu mashuri wiyongereyeho 2,8% muri 2024/2025, icyakora ikigero cy’imitsindire yabo kikiri hasi ariko nabyo bikomeje kongerwamo imbaraga.
Minisiteri y’uburezi igaragaza ko hari n’abandi banyeshuri bugarijwe n’ibibazo bitandukanye babasha guhabwa uburezi, aho abarenga ibihumbi 45 b’impunzi bari mu ishuri.
Ni mu gihe abasaga ibihumbi 173,6 b’impfubyi na bo babasha kwiga no guhabwa ubufasha, na ho abasaga ibihumbi 7 bigira mu bigo ngororamuco biri hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Kwita ku myigire y’abana
Binyuze muri gahunda ya “School Feeding” yatangijwe na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu 2019, abana barenga miliyoni 4 bafatira ifunguro rya saa sita ku ishuri bigatuma bita cyane ku masomo ndetse n’abatishoboye bakabasha kwiga nta kibazo cy’inzara bafite. Ibi bigabanya abana bata ishuri, ahubwo abaritaye bakarisubiramo ndetse bikazamura urwego rw’imitsindire.
