Tariki 1 Gashyantare buri mwaka, u Rwanda rwizihiza Umunsi Mukuru w’Intwari z’Igihugu, aho Abanyarwanda bari mu gihugu no muhanga bahurira ahantu hatandukanye bazirikana ibikorwa byiza byaranze Intwari z’u Rwanda n’amasomo bavomamo mu rugamba rwo guteza imbere Igihugu.
U Rwanda rwizihiza intwari nyinshi mu byiciro bitandukanye. Zimwe mu ntwari z’ indongozi zahawe umunsi wihariye zizihirizwaho, ari wo buri tariki ya mbere y’ ukwezi kwa Gashyantare .
Gusa Mbere ya 1999, ni ukuvuga (1994-1998) uyu munsi wizihizwaga tariki ya 1 Ukwakira ugahuzwa n’umunsi wo Gukunda igihugu.
Intwari zibukwa mu rwego rwo guhabwa icyubahiro ndetse hagamijwe no gutera ishyaka abakiri bato.
Kwizihiza uyu munsi, bikorwa mu ngeri zose haba mu biganiro, gutegura amarushanwa mu mikino itandukanye, ibitaramo n’ibindi.
Umunsi w’intwari ugiye kwizihizwa ku nshuro ya 32, ufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti ” Ubutwari n’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda, inkingi z’iterambere.”
Ibikorwa bijyana no kwizihiza uyu munsi, byatangiranye n’Ukwezi kwahariwe ubutwari kuva tariki ya 04 kugeza ku ya 31 Mutarama 2026.
Uku kwezi kwaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga byibutsa Abanyarwanda kwitegura no kugira uruhare mu kwizihiza ku nshuro ya 32 Umunsi w’Intwari z’lgihugu; ndetse no kurangwa n’indangagaciro z’ubutwari mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi.
Amateka y’Intwari z’u Rwanda.
Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye ku wa 09 Ukuboza 2001, yemeje Intwari 53 ku ikubitiro.
Gusa mbere y’ iyi nama, ku wa 31 Ukuboza 1995, hashize amezi cumi n’ arindwi gusa Jenoside irangiye, indi Nama y’ Abaminisitiri yari yashyizeho komisiyo yo gutoranya Intwari z’Igihugu.
Intwari z’u Rwanda zigabanywa mu byiciro bitatu by’ingenzi, hagendewe ku rugero zagaragajeho ubutwari. Izi ni Imanzi, Imena, ndetse n’Ingenzi.
Mu ntwari z’u Rwanda, Imanzi ni cyo cyiciro kiza ku mwanya wa mbere.
Ni intwari zakoze ibikorwa by’ indashyikirwa byo kwitangira igihugu kugeza aho zitanga n’ ubuzima bwazo.
Kugeza ubu, iki cyiciro kirimo intwari ebyiri zonyine ari zo: Major General Fred Gisa Rwigema ndetse n’ Ingabo Itazwi Izina.
Gisa Rwigema yagaragaje ubutwari mu bikorwa yakoze byo kwitangira igihugu no kunga abanyarwanda binyuze mu rugamba yatangije rwo kubohora igihugu ku ngoma ya leta ya Habyarimana Juvenali.
Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990, nyuma y’umunsi umwe gusa uru rugamba rutangiye, aguye i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba.
Yabaye urugero rwo kwitanga no gukunda igihugu bihebuje.
Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.
Ihagarariye ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.
Ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ intwari z’ u Rwanda ni Imena. Ni icyiciro gikurikira Imanzi, gishyirwamo abantu bakoze ibikorwa bihebuje, bakarangwa no kwitangira igihugu mu buzima bwabo .
Muri iki cyiciro, harimo Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre, Rwagasana Michel, Uwilingiyimana Agatha, Niyitegeka Félicité ndetse n’ Abanyeshuri b’ i Nyange barimo Bizimana Sylvestre, Mujawamahoro Chantal na Mukambaraga.
Iby’ingenzi wamenya kuri izi ntwari z’Imena
Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre
Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abakiri bato.
Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo Abanyarwanda batekereza ko ari byo yazize.
Uwilingiyimana Agatha
Uwilingiyimana Agatha yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva kuwa 17 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza kuwa 7 Mata 1994.
Yishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, n’abari ingabo z’igihugu.
Uwilingiyimana yagize umutima wa kigabo arwanya akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye mu butegetsi bw’irondakarere n’irondakoko.
Yongeye kugaragaza ubwitange bwe buhebuje mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi akomeza iy’ubuyobozi agerageza kugarura ituze mu gihugu cyari kigabijwe n’abicanyi.
Nta washidikanya ko ari umwe mu bagore b’Abanyarwanda baharaniye uburenganzira bw’Umunyarwandakazi
Félicité Niyitegeka
Félicité Niyitegeka yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi.
Michel Rwagasana
Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye. Iyi mirimo yose yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye.
Yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954, yanabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.
Kubera guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri yabaye umunyamabanga wa mbere w’ishyaka Union Nationale Rwandaise ry’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ajya mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri LONI.
Michel Rwagasana yatanze urugero ruhebuje rwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu aho kwita ku ze bwite kuko aba yaremeye politike y’irondakoko agahabwa umwanya ukomeye mu Rwanda rwari rutegetswe na mwene Se wabo Gergoire Kayibanda nka Perezida wa Repubulika.
Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange
Abemezwaho ubutwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo kuwa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi bateraga icyo kigo, ari abapfuye ari n’abatarapfuye iryo joro.
Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura.
Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Icyiciro cya gatatu cy’ intwari mu Rwanda, ni Ingenzi, kikaba gikurikira Imena.
Giteganyirizwa abantu bahize abandi mu bikorwa, mu bitekerezo no mu mibereho, bakabera abandi urugero ruhanitse rw’ ubwitange no kugira akamaro gakomeye.
Kugeza uyu munsi, nta ntwari yari yashyirwa muri icyi cyiciro.
Haracyakorwa ubushakashatsi ku bakandida b’ icyi cyiciro.
Ubutwari umuco wo kwigira
Ubwo ku wa 31 Mutarama 2026, Minisitiri w’Intebe Dr.Nsengiyumva Justin, yari mu gikorwa cy’umuganda usoza ukwezi kwa Mutarama, yavuze ko kwigira no kwishakamo igisubizo biri mu bigize ubutwari bw’Abanyarwanda.
Yongeyeho ko Abanyarwanda bakwiye kugira uwo muco bavoma ku Ntwari zitangiye igihugu.
Ati” Ziriya Ntwari , ruriya rubyiruko rw’abahungu n’abakobwa, bitanze kugeza aho amaraso yabo bayatakaza, kwari ukugira ngo tujye dukora ibikowa nk’ibi, duteza imbere igihugu cyacu bituvuyemo .”
Yakomeje ati “Ziriya Ntwari twizihiza, iyo ziturebye iyo dukora ibikowa nk’ibi, zirishima kuko ziri mu byo zarwaniye.”
Umunsi w’Intwari utegurwa n’Urwego rushinzwe Intwari z’Igihugu, Imidari n’Impeta by’Ishimwe, CHENO (Chancellery for Heroes, National Orders and Decorations of Honour), nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 6(h) y’itegeko No 65/2024 ryo ku wa
20/06/2024 rigenga Urwego.
Kuri uyu munsi, hategurwa ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kuwizihiza kuva ku rwego rw’ igihugu kugeza ku mudugudu.
Muri byo haba harimo ibiganiro bigaruka ku mateka yaranze izi ntwari, kunamirwa n’ Umukuru w’ Igihugu ku Gicumbi cy’ Intwari, ndetse n’ ibikorwa by’ imyidagaduro nk’ amarushanwa y’ imikino, ubuhanzi n’ imbyino bikorwa mu bitaramo.
Impeta cyangwa imidari y’ishimwe
Tariki ya mbere Gashyantare kandi hazirikanwa abandi bantu bahawe amashimwe n’ Umukuru w’Igihugu kubera akamaro bagize mu buzima bw’ igihugu.
Aya mashimwe atangwa nk’ impeta cyangwa umudari.
Gushyirwa mu Ntwari
CHENO ni rwo rwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe gushakisha no gushyira intwari mu byiciro kuva muri 2009.
Kugira ngo umuntu agirwe intwari, ashobora kubyisabira cyangwa kubisabira undi muri uru rwego.
Hanyuma urwego rukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku busabe rwakiriye.
Gusa CHENO na yo ubwayo ishakisha abantu baba bashobora gushyirwa mu ntwari z’u Rwanda.
Ubutwari ni imwe mu ndangrgacitro zigize muco w’u Rwanda.
Ubutwari ni umurogo Abanyarwanda bakomora ku bakurambere bahanze u Rwanda, bakarwagura, bakarurinda.
bakaruteza imbere mu bihe binyuranye by’ amateka yarwo.
Ubutwari buhabwa agaciro gakomeye mu buyobozi bw’ u Rwanda kugeza aho no mu Ndirimbo yubahiriza Igihugu bwazirikanywe.
Mu gika cyayo cya gatatu, indirimbo y’Igihugu Rwanda Nziza ishimangira Ubutwari igira iti “Abakurambere b’Intwari bitanze batizigama, baraguhanga uvamo ubukombe, utsinda ubukoroni na mpatse ibihugu, none uraganje mu bwingenge, tubukomereho uko turi twese.”
Bumwe mu butumwa bw’Umunsi wIntwari bucyubakirwaho bwagarutsweho na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulila y’u Rwanda, burimo ubwo ku ya 1 Gashantare mu 2010.
Yagize ati: “Ubutwari ni ugutinyuka guhangana n’igiteye bwoba cyahungabanya ubuzima
n’imibereho y’abantu. Icyo dukwiriye gutinyuka guhangana nacyo muri iki gihe ni ubukene, n’imyumvire n’imikorere imenyerewe, akenshi idahwitse.
Nongeye kubasaba ko ubutwari mubugira intego mu byo mukora byose. Bityo iterambere twifuza tukarigeraho ku buryo bwihuse .”
