Ku munsi wo guhabwa impamyabumenyi (Graduation day), buri munyeshuri wambaye iriya kanzu aba yuzuye ibyishimo ndetse afite icyizere cyinshi.
Amafoto arafatwa, imiryango igashimira Imana, ababyeyi bakishimira imyaka bamaze bashyigikira abana babo, abarangije amasomo bo bakinjira mu buzima bushya bizeye ko impamyabumenyi bafite mu ntoki ari yo izabafungurira amarembo yo kubona akazi.
Ariko nyuma y’ibirori, kuri bamwe, urugendo rushya rutangira mu buryo butandukanye n’uko barutekerezaga.
Benshi baba bakurikirana cyane amatangazo y’akazi bagakora ibizamini bitandukanye, amabaruwa agasaba akoherezwa, maze gutegereza igisubizo bikamara amezi, umwaka cyangwa imyaka.
Kuri aba, ikibazo ntikiba kikiri ukumenya niba barize, ahubwo kiba ukumenya niba ibyo bize bihagije kugira ngo babone umwanya ku isoko ry’umurimo.
Mu gihe amashuri makuru akomeje kwakira no gushyira ku isoko ry’umurimo abanyeshuri benshi, iri soko na ryo riragenda rihinduka. Ese impamyabumenyi yonyine iracyahagije kugira ngo umuntu abone akazi?
Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kwagura amashuri makuru, ikibazo gikomeje kuba: Ese umubare w’abiga urimo kwiyongera ku rugero rujyanye n’amahirwe ari ku isoko ry’umurimo?
Imibare y’amashuri makuru igaragaza ko umubare w’abanyeshuri biga muri kaminuza wakomeje kwiyongera mu myaka ishize, ugera ku barenga ibihumbi 130 mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2023/24.
Muri 2024, abanyeshuri 30,725 bigaga uburezi, mu gihe 9,910 bigaga ubugeni n’ibijyanye na bwo. Abandi bari mu mashami arimo ubucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga, ubwubatsi, ubuzima, ubuhinzi n’andi.
Ibi bigaragaza ko amashuri makuru akomeje kugira uruhare mu kongera umubare w’Abanyarwanda bafite ubumenyi bwisumbuye. Ariko uko abo banyeshuri biyongera, ni na ko havuka ikibazo cy’uko bazinjira ku isoko ry’umurimo bamaze kurangiza.
Mu Rwanda abantu 729,000 baracyashaka akazi
Imibare y’Ikigo cyi’igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda, NISR, yo muri Gicurasi 2026 igaragaza ko mu Banyarwanda 8,748,082 bagejeje imyaka yo gukora, abafite akazi ari 4,706,239, mu gihe 729,000 badafite akazi ariko barimo kugashaka kandi biteguye kugakora.
Ubushomeri bwari kuri 13.4%, mu gihe mu rubyiruko rufite imyaka 16–30 bwari hejuru, kuri 15.7%.
Nubwo ubushomeri bwagabanutse ugereranyije na 2022, ubwo bwari kuri 23%, isoko ry’umurimo riracyakira umubare munini w’abashaka akazi. Mu 2025 kandi, mu Rwanda haahanzwe imirimo mishya 238,491 itarimo iy’ubuhinzi.
Ikibazo rero si ukuba gusa imirimo ihari, ahubwo abashaka iyo mirimo bafite ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bukenewe?
Ese ubundi Impamyabumenyi yonyine iracyahagije?
Impamyabumenyi iracyafite agaciro kandi ikomeza kuba kimwe mu bisabwa ku mirimo myinshi. Ariko uko isoko ry’umurimo rihinduka, kuyitunga byonyine bishobora kuba bidahagije .
Abakoresha bashobora no kureba ku bumenyi ngiro, uburambe, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo no kumenyera akazi.
Ni na yo mpamvu ikibazo cy’uburezi kidakwiye kurebwa gusa ku mubare w’abanyeshuri cyangwa impamyabumenyi bahabwa, ahubwo no ku cyo baba bashoboye gukora nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo.
Gahunda ya HEC y’amashuri makuru ya 2025–2030 igaragaza ko u Rwanda rushaka kongera umubare w’abarangiza amashuri makuru, ukava ku 27,000 mu 2025 ukagera ku 80,000 mu 2030.
Iyo ntego izongera umubare w’Abanyarwanda bafite ubumenyi bwo ku rwego rw’amashuri makuru. Ariko kandi izatuma ikibazo cyo guhuza uburezi n’isoko ry’umurimo kirushaho gukomera.
Muri make, impamyabumenyi iracyafite agaciro, ariko isoko ry’umurimo risa n’iririmo gusaba ibiyirenze.
Ikibazo gikomeye ku munyeshuri w’uyu munsi, si ukumenya gusa niba azarangiza kaminuza, ahubwo ni ukumenya niba ibyo aziga bizamuha ubushobozi bwo gukora no guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo.
Mu yandi magambo, ikibazo ntikiri gusa niba umuntu yarize, ahubwo ni icyo ashoboye gukora nyuma yo kwiga.
Abatanga akazi bavuga ko kimwe mu kibazo kigihari ari uko umunyeshuri arangiza icyikiro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza ariko yagera ku murimo aho agiye gutangira gusabwa gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bikamunanira bigasaba ko yongera kwigishwa.
Ibi bituma abatanga akazi bahitamo kugumana abakozi badafite urupapuro rwerekana ko ibyo bakora babyize ariko bashoboye kubikora kuruta uko baha akazi uje yerekana urupapuro ariko adashoboye gushyira mu bikorwa ibyanditseho ko yabiminujemo.
Bamwe bahera kuri ibi bavuga ko ireme ry’uburezi mu Rwanda ritaragera ku rwego rw’uko umuntu ashobora kurangiza amashuri afite ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasomo amaze imyaka yiga.
